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NAME
tcov - source code test coverage analysis and statement-by-
statement profile
SYNOPSIS
tcov [ -a ] [ -n ] [ -o filename ] [ -p oldpath newpath ]
[ -x dir ] files ...
DESCRIPTION
ttccoovv produces a test coverage analysis of a compiled pro-
gram. ttccoovv takes source files as arguments and produces an
annotated source listing. Each straight-line (basic block)
segment of code (or each line if the -a option to ttccoovv is
specified) is prefixed with the number of times it has been
executed; lines that have not been executed are prefixed
with "#####".
To use ttccoovv, programs must be compiled with -xprofile=tcov
or -xa compiler options.
There are two implementations of ttccoovv coverage analysis.
Compiling with the -xa option prepares the object code for
the original "old style" coverage analysis.
Compiling with the -xprofile=tcov compiler option and using
the ttccoovv -x dir option invokes the enhanced "new style" cov-
erage analysis.
In either case, the output is a copy of the source files
annotated with statement execution counts in the margin.
"Old Style" ttccoovv Coverage Analysis:
Compile the program with the -xa compiler option. This pro-
duces the file $TCOVDIR/file.d for each source file com-
piled. (If environment variable TCOVDIR is not set, the .d
files are stored in the current directory.)
Run the program. At program completion (the program must
complete normally to produce the coverage analysis) the .d
files are updated. To view the coverage analysis merged with
the source files, run ttccoovv on the source files. The anno-
tated analysis file corresponding to each compiled source
file is named $TCOVDIR/file.tcov.
The output produced by ttccoovv shows the number of times each
statement or statement group was actually executed in this
run. With the ttccoovv option -a, statements that were not exe-
cuted are marked with ####-> to the left of the statement.
"New Style" Enhanced ttccoovv Analysis:
The preferred way to use ttccoovv is to compile the program with
-xprofile=tcov. When the program is run, coverage data is
stored in program.profile/tcovd, where program is the name
of the executable file. (If the executable were the file
a.out, the file a.out.profile/tcovd would be created.)
Note that if compilation and linking are done in separate
steps, include the same -xprofile option on the link step as
appeared on the compile step, and use the compiler to per-
form the linking, not ld..
Run ttccoovv --xx dir file ... over each source file to create on
file file.tcov in the current directory the coverage
analysis merged with its source file. A separate .tcov file
is created for each source file.
Environment variables SUN_PROFDATA and SUN_PROFDATA_DIR can
be used to specify where the intermediary data collection
files are saved. These are the *.d and *.tcovd files created
by old and new style ttccoovv respectively. (See ENVIRONMENT
below).
Each subsequent run accumulates more coverage data into the
program.profile/tcovd file. Data for each object file is
zeroed out the first time the program is executed after
recompilation. Data for the entire program is zeroed by
removing the tcovd file.
OPTIONS
-a Display an execution count for each statement; if -a is
not specified, an execution count is displayed only for
the first statement of each straight-line (basic block)
segment of code.
-n Display table of the line numbers of the n most fre-
quently executed statements and their execution counts.
-o filename
Direct the output to filename instead of ffiillee..ttccoovv. If
filename is "-", then direct the output to the standard
output instead of ffiillee..ttccoovv. This option overrides any
directory specified in the TCOVDIR environment variable
(see ENVIRONMENT below).
-p originalpath newpath
The -x option can get confused when the source files
have a different path when you run ttccoovv than they had
when you compiled them. This frequently happens because
you are using two different machines that have dif-
ferent mount points for the same directory. This
option allows you to tell ttccoovv that all source files
that had a path prefix of originalpath at compile time,
now have a path prefix of newpath at ttccoovv runtime. You
may specify as many -p options as you wish.
-x dir
"New style" ttccoovv coverage analysis. The source files
must be compiled with the -xprofile=tcov compiler flag.
dir is the name of the directory where the coverage
data is stored. Typically, this will be
program.profile/ where program is the name of the com-
piled executable file. (For example, a.out.profile ).
If -x dir is not specified, "old style" tcov coverage
is assumed.
EXAMPLES
Old style ttccoovv:
demo% cc -o myprog -a alpha.c beta.c gamma.c
demo% myprog program execution
demo% tcov -a alpha.c beta.c gamma.c
demo% cat alpha.tcov beta.tcov gamma.tcov
New enhanced ttccoovv:
demo% cc -o myprog -xprofile=tcov alpha.c beta.c gamma.c
demo% myprog program execution
demo% tcov -x myprog.profile alpha.c beta.c gamma.c
demo% cat alpha.c.tcov beta.c.tcov gamma.c.tcov
ENVIRONMENT
TCOVDIR "Old style" coverage analysis (without the -x
option). If the TCOVDIR environment variable is
set at compile time, it specifies where the ffiillee..dd
files will be written. At ttccoovv runtime, it speci-
fies where to find the ffiillee..dd and to write the
ffiillee..ttccoovv coverage analysis files. It has no
effect at the user-program's runtime.
"New style" coverage analysis (with the -x
option). Same as SUN_PROFDATA_DIR below.
SUN_PROFDATA_DIR/SUN_PROFDATA
"New style" coverage analysis. With these vari-
ables set, ttccoovv writes performance coverage data
to files in $SUN_PROFDATA_DIR/$SUN_PROFDATA/.
If set, $SUN_PROFDATA is used as the name of the
directory read by ttccoovv instead of program.profile.
In this case, the appropriate ttccoovv command would
be:
demo% tcov -x $SUN_PROFDATA source_files...
If SUN_PROFDATA_DIR is set, it will look there for
the coverage files, and not the current directory.
If both TCOVDIR and SUN_PROFDATA_DIR are set, a
warning is issued and SUN_PROFDATA_DIR is used.
FILES
Without -x flag (old style ttccoovv):
ffiillee..dd input test coverage data file created by
compiler for each compiled source file
ffiillee..ttccoovv output test coverage analysis listing
file
With -x flag ( new style ttccoovv):
mmyypprroogg..pprrooffiillee//ttccoovvdd input test coverage data file
ffiillee..ttccoovv output test coverage analysis listing
file (including file extension: alpha.c.tcov )
See also SUN_PROFDATA_DIR and SUN_PROFDATA
environment variables above.
SEE ALSO
acc(1) cc(1), CC(1), f77(1), gprof(1), pc(1), prof(1),
exit(2)
DIAGNOSTICS
premature end of file
Issued for routines containing no statements.
BUGS
Multiprocessor/Multithreaded programs with tcov:
Running an MP/MT program compiled with the -a (or -xa)
option produces unpredictable behavior. The -xprofile=tcov
option may be used with MP/MT programs, but the output of
ttccoovv is valid only for a zero or non-zero value. The actual
count may be incorrect.
tcov does not support files which contain #line or #file
directives.
The analyzed program must call exit(2) or return normally
for the coverage information to be saved in the .d file.
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