The nl utility shall read lines from the named file or
the standard input if no file is named and shall
reproduce the lines to standard output. Lines shall be numbered on
the left. Additional functionality may be provided in accordance
with the command options in effect.
The nl utility views the text it reads in terms of logical pages.
Line numbering shall be reset at the start of each
logical page. A logical page consists of a header, a body, and a footer
section. Empty sections are valid. Different line numbering
options are independently available for header, body, and footer (for
example, no numbering of header and footer lines while
numbering blank lines only in the body).
The starts of logical page sections shall be signaled by input lines
containing nothing but the following delimiter
characters:
Line
Start of
\:\:\:
Header
\:\:
Body
\:
Footer
Unless otherwise specified, nl shall assume the text being read
is in a single logical page body.
OPTIONS
The nl utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume
of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
Only one file can be named.
The following options shall be supported:
-b type
Specify which logical page body lines shall be numbered. Recognized
types and their meaning are:
a
Number all lines.
t
Number only non-empty lines.
n
No line numbering.
pstring
Number only lines that contain the basic regular expression specified
in string.
The default type for logical page body shall be t (text
lines numbered).
-d delim
Specify the delimiter characters that indicate the start of a logical
page section. These can be changed from the default
characters "\:" to two user-specified characters. If only one
character is entered, the second character shall remain the
default character ':' .
-f type
Specify the same as btype except for footer. The default
for logical page footer shall be n (no lines
numbered).
-h type
Specify the same as btype except for header. The default
type for logical page header shall be n
(no lines numbered).
-i incr
Specify the increment value used to number logical page lines. The
default shall be 1.
-l num
Specify the number of blank lines to be considered as one. For example,
-l 2 results in only the second adjacent
blank line being numbered (if the appropriate -h a, -b a,
or -f a option is set). The default
shall be 1.
-n format
Specify the line numbering format. Recognized values are: ln,
left justified, leading zeros suppressed; rn, right
justified, leading zeros suppressed; rz, right justified, leading
zeros kept. The default format shall be rn
(right justified).
-p
Specify that numbering should not be restarted at logical page delimiters.
-s sep
Specify the characters used in separating the line number and the
corresponding text line. The default sep shall be a
<tab>.
-v startnum
Specify the initial value used to number logical page lines. The default
shall be 1.
-w width
Specify the number of characters to be used for the line number. The
default width shall be 6.
OPERANDS
The following operand shall be supported:
file
A pathname of a text file to be line-numbered.
STDIN
The standard input is a text file that is used if no file operand
is given.
INPUT FILES
The input file named by the file operand is a text file.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
nl:
LANG
Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that
are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables
for
the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
the values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL
If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
other internationalization variables.
LC_COLLATE
Determine the locale for the behavior of ranges, equivalence classes,
and multi-character collating elements within regular
expressions.
LC_CTYPE
Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes
of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files), the
behavior of character classes within regular expressions, and
for deciding which characters are in character class graph (for
the -b t, -f t, and -h t
options).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
error.
NLSPATH
Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES
.
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
The standard output shall be a text file in the following format:
where <line number> is one of the following numeric formats:
%6d
When the rn format is used (the default; see -n).
%06d
When the rz format is used.
%-6d
When the ln format is used.
<empty>
When line numbers are suppressed for a portion of the page; the <separator>
is also suppressed.
In the preceding list, the number 6 is the default width; the -w
option can change this value.
STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0
Successful completion.
>0
An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
In using the -ddelim option, care should be taken to
escape characters that have special meaning to the command
interpreter.
EXAMPLES
The command:
nl -v 10 -i 10 -d \!+ file1
numbers file1 starting at line number 10 with an increment of
10. The logical page delimiter is "!+" . Note that
the '!' has to be escaped when using csh as a command
interpreter because of its history substitution syntax. For
ksh and sh the escape is not necessary, but does not do
any harm.
RATIONALE
None.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
pr
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
