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NAME

     SelfLoader - load functions only on demand



SYNOPSIS
         package FOOBAR;
         use SelfLoader;

         ... (initializing code)

         __DATA__
         sub {....




DESCRIPTION
     This module tells its users that functions in the FOOBAR
     package are to be autoloaded from after the `__DATA__'
     token.  See also the Autoloading entry in the perlsub
     manpage.

     The __DATA__ token

     The `__DATA__' token tells the perl compiler that the perl
     code for compilation is finished. Everything after the
     `__DATA__' token is available for reading via the filehandle
     FOOBAR::DATA, where FOOBAR is the name of the current
     package when the `__DATA__' token is reached. This works
     just the same as `__END__' does in package 'main', but for
     other modules data after `__END__' is not automatically
     retrievable, whereas data after `__DATA__' is.  The
     `__DATA__' token is not recognized in versions of perl prior
     to 5.001m.

     Note that it is possible to have `__DATA__' tokens in the
     same package in multiple files, and that the last `__DATA__'
     token in a given package that is encountered by the compiler
     is the one accessible by the filehandle. This also applies
     to `__END__' and main, i.e. if the 'main' program has an
     `__END__', but a module 'require'd (_not_ 'use'd) by that
     program has a 'package main;' declaration followed by an
     '`__DATA__'', then the `DATA' filehandle is set to access
     the data after the `__DATA__' in the module, _not_ the data
     after the `__END__' token in the 'main' program, since the
     compiler encounters the 'require'd file later.

     SelfLoader autoloading

     The SelfLoader works by the user placing the `__DATA__'
     token after perl code which needs to be compiled and run at
     'require' time, but before subroutine declarations that can
     be loaded in later - usually because they may never be
     called.

     The SelfLoader will read from the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle to
     load in the data after `__DATA__', and load in any
     subroutine when it is called. The costs are the one-time
     parsing of the data after `__DATA__', and a load delay for
     the _first_ call of any autoloaded function. The benefits
     (hopefully) are a speeded up compilation phase, with no need
     to load functions which are never used.

     The SelfLoader will stop reading from `__DATA__' if it
     encounters the `__END__' token - just as you would expect.
     If the `__END__' token is present, and is followed by the
     token DATA, then the SelfLoader leaves the FOOBAR::DATA
     filehandle open on the line after that token.

     The SelfLoader exports the `AUTOLOAD' subroutine to the
     package using the SelfLoader, and this loads the called
     subroutine when it is first called.

     There is no advantage to putting subroutines which will
     _always_ be called after the `__DATA__' token.

     Autoloading and package lexicals

     A 'my $pack_lexical' statement makes the variable
     $pack_lexical local _only_ to the file up to the `__DATA__'
     token. Subroutines declared elsewhere _cannot_ see these
     types of variables, just as if you declared subroutines in
     the package but in another file, they cannot see these
     variables.

     So specifically, autoloaded functions cannot see package
     lexicals (this applies to both the SelfLoader and the
     Autoloader).  The `vars' pragma provides an alternative to
     defining package-level globals that will be visible to
     autoloaded routines. See the documentation on vars in the
     pragma section of the perlmod manpage.

     SelfLoader and AutoLoader

     The SelfLoader can replace the AutoLoader - just change 'use
     AutoLoader' to 'use SelfLoader' (though note that the
     SelfLoader exports the AUTOLOAD function - but if you have
     your own AUTOLOAD and are using the AutoLoader too, you
     probably know what you're doing), and the `__END__' token to
     `__DATA__'. You will need perl version 5.001m or later to
     use this (version 5.001 with all patches up to patch m).

     There is no need to inherit from the SelfLoader.

     The SelfLoader works similarly to the AutoLoader, but picks
     up the subs from after the `__DATA__' instead of in the
     'lib/auto' directory.  There is a maintenance gain in not
     needing to run AutoSplit on the module at installation, and
     a runtime gain in not needing to keep opening and closing
     files to load subs. There is a runtime loss in needing to
     parse the code after the `__DATA__'. Details of the
     AutoLoader and another view of these distinctions can be
     found in that module's documentation.

     __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.

     This section is only relevant if you want to use the
     `FOOBAR::DATA' together with the SelfLoader.

     Data after the `__DATA__' token in a module is read using
     the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle. `__END__' can still be used to
     denote the end of the `__DATA__' section if followed by the
     token DATA - this is supported by the SelfLoader. The
     `FOOBAR::DATA' filehandle is left open if an `__END__'
     followed by a DATA is found, with the filehandle positioned
     at the start of the line after the `__END__' token. If no
     `__END__' token is present, or an `__END__' token with no
     DATA token on the same line, then the filehandle is closed.

     The SelfLoader reads from wherever the current position of
     the `FOOBAR::DATA' filehandle is, until the EOF or
     `__END__'. This means that if you want to use that
     filehandle (and ONLY if you want to), you should either

     1. Put all your subroutine declarations immediately after
     the `__DATA__' token and put your own data after those
     declarations, using the `__END__' token to mark the end of
     subroutine declarations. You must also ensure that the
     SelfLoader reads first by  calling 'SelfLoader-
     >load_stubs();', or by using a function which is selfloaded;

     or

     2. You should read the `FOOBAR::DATA' filehandle first,
     leaving the handle open and positioned at the first line of
     subroutine declarations.

     You could conceivably do both.

     Classes and inherited methods.

     For modules which are not classes, this section is not
     relevant.  This section is only relevant if you have methods
     which could be inherited.

     A subroutine stub (or forward declaration) looks like

       sub stub;

     i.e. it is a subroutine declaration without the body of the
     subroutine. For modules which are not classes, there is no
     real need for stubs as far as autoloading is concerned.

     For modules which ARE classes, and need to handle inherited
     methods, stubs are needed to ensure that the method
     inheritance mechanism works properly. You can load the stubs
     into the module at 'require' time, by adding the statement
     'SelfLoader->load_stubs();' to the module to do this.

     The alternative is to put the stubs in before the `__DATA__'
     token BEFORE releasing the module, and for this purpose the
     `Devel::SelfStubber' module is available.  However this does
     require the extra step of ensuring that the stubs are in the
     module. If this is done I strongly recommend that this is
     done BEFORE releasing the module - it should NOT be done at
     install time in general.



Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
     Subroutines in multiple packages within the same file are
     supported - but you should note that this requires exporting
     the `SelfLoader::AUTOLOAD' to every package which requires
     it. This is done automatically by the SelfLoader when it
     first loads the subs into the cache, but you should really
     specify it in the initialization before the `__DATA__' by
     putting a 'use SelfLoader' statement in each package.

     Fully qualified subroutine names are also supported. For
     example,

        __DATA__
        sub foo::bar {23}
        package baz;
        sub dob {32}

     will all be loaded correctly by the SelfLoader, and the
     SelfLoader will ensure that the packages 'foo' and 'baz'
     correctly have the SelfLoader `AUTOLOAD' method when the
     data after `__DATA__' is first parsed.









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Created 1996-2024 by Maxim Chirkov

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