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NAME

     Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa -
     load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators



SYNOPSIS
         use Socket;

         $proto = getprotobyname('udp');
         socket(Socket_Handle, PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, $proto);
         $iaddr = gethostbyname('hishost.com');
         $port = getservbyname('time', 'udp');
         $sin = sockaddr_in($port, $iaddr);
         send(Socket_Handle, 0, 0, $sin);

         $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
         socket(Socket_Handle, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $proto);
         $port = getservbyname('smtp', 'tcp');
         $sin = sockaddr_in($port,inet_aton("127.1"));
         $sin = sockaddr_in(7,inet_aton("localhost"));
         $sin = sockaddr_in(7,INADDR_LOOPBACK);
         connect(Socket_Handle,$sin);

         ($port, $iaddr) = sockaddr_in(getpeername(Socket_Handle));
         $peer_host = gethostbyaddr($iaddr, AF_INET);
         $peer_addr = inet_ntoa($iaddr);

         $proto = getprotobyname('tcp');
         socket(Socket_Handle, PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, $proto);
         unlink('/tmp/usock');
         $sun = sockaddr_un('/tmp/usock');
         connect(Socket_Handle,$sun);




DESCRIPTION
     This module is just a translation of the C socket.h file.
     Unlike the old mechanism of requiring a translated socket.ph
     file, this uses the h2xs program (see the Perl source
     distribution) and your native C compiler.  This means that
     it has a far more likely chance of getting the numbers
     right.  This includes all of the commonly used pound-defines
     like AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, etc.

     Also, some common socket "newline" constants are provided:
     the constants `CR', `LF', and `CRLF', as well as `$CR',
     `$LF', and `$CRLF', which map to `\015', `\012', and
     `\015\012'.  If you do not want to use the literal
     characters in your programs, then use the constants provided
     here.  They are not exported by default, but can be imported
     individually, and with the `:crlf' export tag:

         use Socket qw(:DEFAULT :crlf);

     In addition, some structure manipulation functions are
     available:

     inet_aton HOSTNAME
         Takes a string giving the name of a host, and translates
         that to the 4-byte string (structure). Takes arguments
         of both the 'rtfm.mit.edu' type and '18.181.0.24'. If
         the host name cannot be resolved, returns undef. For
         multi-homed hosts (hosts with more than one address),
         the first address found is returned.

     inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS
         Takes a four byte ip address (as returned by
         inet_aton()) and translates it into a string of the form
         'd.d.d.d' where the 'd's are numbers less than 256 (the
         normal readable four dotted number notation for internet
         addresses).

     INADDR_ANY
         Note: does not return a number, but a packed string.

         Returns the 4-byte wildcard ip address which specifies
         any of the hosts ip addresses. (A particular machine can
         have more than one ip address, each address
         corresponding to a particular network interface. This
         wildcard address allows you to bind to all of them
         simultaneously.)  Normally equivalent to
         inet_aton('0.0.0.0').

     INADDR_BROADCAST
         Note: does not return a number, but a packed string.

         Returns the 4-byte 'this-lan' ip broadcast address.
         This can be useful for some protocols to solicit
         information from all servers on the same LAN cable.
         Normally equivalent to inet_aton('255.255.255.255').

     INADDR_LOOPBACK
         Note - does not return a number.

         Returns the 4-byte loopback address. Normally equivalent
         to inet_aton('localhost').

     INADDR_NONE
         Note - does not return a number.

         Returns the 4-byte 'invalid' ip address. Normally
         equivalent to inet_aton('255.255.255.255').

     sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS


     sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN
         In an array context, unpacks its SOCKADDR_IN argument
         and returns an array consisting of (PORT, ADDRESS).  In
         a scalar context, packs its (PORT, ADDRESS) arguments as
         a SOCKADDR_IN and returns it.  If this is confusing, use
         pack_sockaddr_in() and unpack_sockaddr_in() explicitly.

     pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS
         Takes two arguments, a port number and a 4 byte
         IP_ADDRESS (as returned by inet_aton()). Returns the
         sockaddr_in structure with those arguments packed in
         with AF_INET filled in.  For internet domain sockets,
         this structure is normally what you need for the
         arguments in bind(), connect(), and send(), and is also
         returned by getpeername(), getsockname() and recv().

     unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN
         Takes a sockaddr_in structure (as returned by
         pack_sockaddr_in()) and returns an array of two
         elements: the port and the 4-byte ip-address.  Will
         croak if the structure does not have AF_INET in the
         right place.

     sockaddr_un PATHNAME

     sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
         In an array context, unpacks its SOCKADDR_UN argument
         and returns an array consisting of (PATHNAME).  In a
         scalar context, packs its PATHNAME arguments as a
         SOCKADDR_UN and returns it.  If this is confusing, use
         pack_sockaddr_un() and unpack_sockaddr_un() explicitly.
         These are only supported if your system has <sys/un.h>.

     pack_sockaddr_un PATH
         Takes one argument, a pathname. Returns the sockaddr_un
         structure with that path packed in with AF_UNIX filled
         in. For unix domain sockets, this structure is normally
         what you need for the arguments in bind(), connect(),
         and send(), and is also returned by getpeername(),
         getsockname() and recv().

     unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
         Takes a sockaddr_un structure (as returned by
         pack_sockaddr_un()) and returns the pathname.  Will
         croak if the structure does not have AF_UNIX in the
         right place.









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Created 1996-2024 by Maxim Chirkov

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